On Independence day, I thought it would be a good idea to say something about American composers, in particular Charles Ives (1874- 1954 ). He was one of a kind, and possibly the greatest composer we have produced here. He was a stubborn, ornery, reclusive New Englander, born in Danbury Connecticut of old pilgrim stock. He was the son of a civil war bandmaster, George Ives, who taught him music and planted the ideas of harmonic and rhythmic experimentation which would make him the original he eventually became. Charles studied music at Yale, but did not like academic correctness, and did all sorts of wild musical experiments. Realizing that his weirdly unconventional music would make it impossible to succeed as a conventional professional musician, and having a rather low opinion of the field itself, he started a successful insurance business and became independently wealthy ! In fact, the insurance industry as we know it was greatly influenced by Ives, who is considered a pioneer in this field.
Ives did not seem to care much whether his strange but brilliant music got many performances, but some well-known conductors and other musicians became interested in it and there were some performances. It was not until after his death in 1954 that his music started to become known and receive recordings. The late, great Leonard Bernstein recognized Ives' quirky genius and championed his music, as well as other eminent conductors such as Leopold Stokowski. Ives wrote four symphonies and other orchestral works such as the"Holidays" symphony, depicting Thanksgiving and the fourth of July etc, "Three Places in New England", and "Central Park in the Dark". As an admirerer of Emerson and Thoreau, he wrote a huge, wildly complex piano work called the "Concord" sonata, many art songs in English, and chamber music etc.
In his weird but fascinating music, Ives mixes familiar American folk tunes combined in different keys, and with wildly conflicting rhythmic patterns. He tried to evoke the small town America of his youth , with its patriotic festivals, Yale football games and all sorts of Americana in a wild mishmash. The manuscripts of his music that Ives left were often in wild disarray, and caused musicologists a lot of headaches trying to put them together for performance.
There are plenty of Ives recordings on CD; seek out those by Leonard Bernstein, and other leading conductors such as Michael Tilson Thomas (a Bernstein protege ), and Leopold Stokowski. You may find the music weird, (not all of it is ), but if you give it a chance, you will find it very rewarding.
America did not produce any truly great composers until the 20th century. There were some good ones, and their music has been recorded. Some of these lesser-known composers studied at conservatories in Germany and wrote a kind of imitation German music, but it was not until Charles Ives that American music came into its own. It's not without reason that he has been called the father of American music.
Other notable American composers are Aaron Copland, George Gershwin, Samuel Barber, Elliott Carter, Philip Glass, John Adams, Roger Sessions, William Schuman, Ned Rorem, Virgil Thomson, John Corigliano, John Cage, and many others, living and dead. You'll hear more about them in later posts.